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Sherwana Castle, also known as Shirwanah Castle,is located in Kalar, Kurdistan, Iraq. == History == Built by Mohamed Pasha Jaff, Kurdish king named by the Ottomans Empire in the 1800s. After the Mamluk Vali of Baghdad, Suleiaman Pasha, dealt a crushing defeat to the Persian occupation of Abbas Mirza Qajar of Northern Mesopatamia, and put to flight the Babans in 1850, Mohamed Pasha Jaff along with the Jaff nomads were allowed to dwell in the Shahrizor unhurrassed by the Ottomans or Persians in any way. A golden age began for the Jaff as they became a major power in the region. They're nomadic caravans were allowed pasture from Khanaqin and Qizil Rubat to Panjwin in the Shahrizor region of Kurdistan. In these regions Mohammed Pasha Jaff from his position of power began to crack down on all of his enemies from the Pro Baban Jaff under Aziz Beg Jaff, who was the son of Kai Khasrow Beg Jaff to the rival tribe of the Hemevand, who were anti Ottoman and Anti everything. He would erect a Fortress on the banks of the Shirwan river to guard against all of these foes in 1866. The name of this fortress is now known as the Shirwana fortress. In 1868 he would be appoined by the Mamluk Vali Suliaman Pasha of Baghdad. However Suliaman Pasha and Mohammed Pasha Jaff's power would begin to weaken during the Russo Ottoman war arond 1878. The Jaff's rivals, Hamavands, would go to the Caucasus and fight under for the Russians against the Ottomans. The Russians would arm them and send them back to agitate the Shahrizor and create anarchy. They in collaboration with the Aziz Beg Jaff faction would launch an attack against Mohamed Pasha Jaff, killing him in 1880. Osman Pasha Jaff's son, would be given the residence of the fortress, as his father concerned himself with the affairs of Gulanbar and Halabja, Mohammed Ali Beg Jaff. During World War I the Jaff and the Kurds would fall into obscurity as most of the war took place in the South between the Ottomans and British, fighting a back forth battle around Kut, which the Ottomans would deal the British their worst defeat during the war. The British would finally get the upper hand through other fronts, the Palestine front especially. The Ottomans would sign the Treaty of Mudros in 1917. The British would then occupy Mesopatamia, and the Ottoman Empire would cease to exist. During the British Occupation much of the Kurdish population would revolt under Sheikh Mustafa Barzani, whose power base was in Suliamania in 1918, 1922-1924, including segments of the Jaff tribe. The British would end up destroying many Palaces and Fortresses built by the Kurds. Sherwana Castle was the exception, since it had been built in such an obscure area. The Castle would become insignificant as the Jaff leadership would eventually flee to Persia, and become close to the Pahlavis. In 1989 Saddam Hussein in a visit to the region to stengthen relations with Kurds would go on tour of much of the old structures of the region. He was much interested in making an Iraqi historiagraphy. The Castle of Sherwana would be one of the structures he visited. He would give it much publicity together with Jaff scholars. The Sherwana Castle would be declared as a historic site under Saddam Hussein. It would eventually be given a specific government agency to manage it. Today it Houses the Museam of Kalar, which has many historic artifacts of the Jaff tribe. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sherwana Castle」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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